Our results showed that IL-1β levels in the serum significantly increased in the HFD + NPs group compared with those in the control and HFD groups, while B. coagulans administration significantly suppressed IL-1β production in the HFD + NPs + BC group and the HFD + NPs&BC group (p < 0.05) (Figure 2A). Here, IL1B is linked to breast cancer.