In patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated with autologous stem cell transplantation, Marra et al. reported that patients with a compound KIR3DL1+, HLA-Bw4-80Thr+, and HLA-Bw4-80Ile- genotype, predictive of low-affinity interactions, had a low incidence of relapse, compared with patients with a KIR3Dl1+ and HLA-Bw4–80ILe+ genotype, predictive of high-affinity interactions (HR = 0.22, 95% CI, 0.06–0.78, p < 0.02) [52]. This evidence concerns the gene KIR3DL1 and acute myeloid leukemia.