As shown in Figure 6, stimulation with zoledronate increased TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17 expression in Vδ2 T lymphocytes from both healthy donors and COVID-19 patients, but Vδ2+ T lymphocytes from these latter expressed significantly more IFN-γ and IL-17 compared to healthy donors. Here, TNF is linked to COVID-19.