TNF and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: During the differentiation process, we observed lower cell counts of T-regulatory (Treg) cells in CD4+ T cell cultures of ALS patients (Figure 8e and Figure S8), however, higher secretion levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were seen by ALS patients’ Treg cells (Figure 8f,g), indicating that either the function or percentages of T reg cells are within the normal or even higher when compared to healthy individuals.