HMGB1 and glioblastoma: Tumor research has shown that exposure to PPV in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), uppsala 87 malignant glioma (U87MG) and human glioblastoma multiforma tumor (T98G) cell lines inhibits the interaction between HMGB1 and RAGE and suggests that PPV functions as a RAGE suppressor [27,35].