As far as the release of HMGB1 is concerned, a critical alarmin whose dysregulation has been implicated in astrocyte dysfunction in the neurodegenerative context [72], naïve Ast-AD cells showed a reduced release when compared with their Ast-Ctrl counterparts (Figure 8E,F; p < 0.001), validating our previous data on HMGB1 gene expression (see Figure 6G). The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.