Furthermore, Ang II-induced actions such as vasoconstriction, cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis and fluid retention are mediated through Ang II type I receptors (AT1R) whereas the effects of Ang-(1-7) are elicited by the activation of Mas receptors [19,25,54,58]. The gene discussed is AGTR1; the disease is cardiac hypertrophy.