SDC1 and cholesteryl ester measurement: In a meta-analysis of eight studies, Vitagliano et al. [40] demonstrated a lower OPR/LBR (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.11–3.48, p = 0.02) and CPR (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.34–3.86, p = 0.002) in infertile women with CE than in those without CE (defined as ≥1 CD138(+)-ESPC in 1 HPF = 10 ESPCs in 10 HPFs), whereas there was no difference in the MR.