NOX4 and atherosclerosis: Likewise, the NADPH oxidase 4–derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has an atheroprotective role in a mouse model that develops diabetic atherosclerosis and in the human internal thoracic artery, disclosing multiple peculiar interventions both on elastic laminae and on specific muscular components, which explains its reduced tendency for spasms and the development of atherosclerosis [31,32].