The activation of TLR9, which releases type 1 interferons via cfDNA, increases liver inflammation in metabolic liver diseases (e.g., non-alcoholic steatohepatitis /NASH/ or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease /NAFLD/) by accelerating the non-apoptotic death of hepatocytes [133]. The gene discussed is TLR9; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.