In a murine DSS-colitis experiment, in which the therapeutic efficacy of iv-administered cfDNA was evaluated [185], we discovered that, under inflammatory conditions, the systemic administration of colitis-derived cfDNA can decrease the clinical and histological severity of DSS-induced murine colitis, possibly by modifying the proinflammatory cytokine expression and the TLR9-related signaling. The gene discussed is TLR9; the disease is colitis.