Subsequently, the increase of proinflammatory mediators (i.e., TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and fibrogenesis markers (i.e., TGF-β1, α-SMA, and collagen I), as well as hepatic fibrosis in NASH stage two, were observed in the fructose group. Here, TNF is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.