CRP and atherosclerosis: While HFrEF is characterized primarily by a direct myocardial injury and metabolic changes, HFpEF appears to be linked to conditions which determine chronic inflammation (e.g., obesity, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes) and patients who suffer from HFpEF present an increase in several systemic markers of inflammation, such as serum levels of reactive C-protein (CRP), or interleukin-6 (IL-6) [12].