The counteracting therapy effect occurred throughout even opposite circumstances (i.e., hyperkalemia vs. hypokalemia; hyperkalemia-depolarization vs. hypokalemia-hyperpolarization) and throughout particular targets (i.e., Na+, K+ pump (digitalis), sodium channels (local anesthetics), potassium channels (hypokalemia/hyperkalemia, succinylcholine), dopamine receptors (neuroleptics)) [66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73]. This evidence concerns the gene KCNA3 and Hyperkalemia.