NRF1- and NRF2-mediated nqo1 transcriptional upregulation dictates that co-localization of these three key antioxidant proteins requires further examination within cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment to determine whether NRF1, NRF2 and NQO1 co-expression is important in NSCLC pathogenesis and to investigate the potential patient outcome value of such co-expression [20]. This evidence concerns the gene NRF1 and cancer.