Due to the lack of established biomarkers that allow for differentiating TED from GD alone, Ujhelyi et al. [27] investigated the levels of seven cytokines and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in tear samples of GD patients with GO, patients with GD but without GO, and healthy controls. The gene discussed is SERPINE1; the disease is geroderma osteodysplastica.