In patients with congenital heart disease, 4-HNE modified mitochondrial proteins related to metabolisms such as NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron–sulfur protein 3, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron–sulfur protein 2, elongation factor Tu, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, ES1 protein homolog, fumarate hydratase, creatine kinase S-type, cytochrome b–c1 complex subunit 1, aconitate hydratase, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10 cytochrome c1, heme proteins such as myoglobin, and cytochrome c1, along with other structural and survival-related proteins. The gene discussed is ENSG00000251605; the disease is congenital heart disease.