However, a recent study suggested that combination therapy with JAK2 (AZD1480) and a PKCα inhibitor (erlotinib or osimertinib) induced apoptosis of glioblastoma, which is the most malignant and aggressive form of astrocytoma, in both flank and in patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models, indicating that PKCα and JAK2 may be therapeutic targets for glioblastoma [79]. The gene discussed is JAK2; the disease is astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).