Different elements have been described in human, as well as in mice models, and link cancer and muscle alteration: (i) TGFβ level is found increased in the tumor [144,145] and the serum of patients with different types of cancer [146,147,148], (ii) the TGFβ family has an important role in the regulation of the synthesis/degradation protein balance controlling muscle mass [149] (iii) TGFβ is an important regulator of inflammation and fibrosis [150], two important mechanisms leading to muscle atrophy. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cancer.