Similar results are obtained in ESCC; the mouse model also displays the proliferative role of Galectin-9 in ESCC, as its administration was also shown to inhibit tumor growth by inducing cell apoptosis via activating caspase-3, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and JNK [102]. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK14 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.