TNF and neoplasm: TAMs promote tumor development in solid tumors, increase angiogenesis, induce lymph angiogenesis, remodel the stroma, metastasize, and inhibit the immune system by modulating and releasing numerous pro-angiogenic factors, including VEGF-A, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), FGF, thymidine phosphorylase, urokinase plasminogen activator, and adrenomedullin (ADM).