Nine trials (56%) involved exploratory immunotherapies such as the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) anti-Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3) [29,30], a T-cell immune stimulatory drug (BCG) [31,32,33], vaccine therapies (MVax [31,32], POL-103A [34], dendritic cells [35,36], Melanoma vaccine modified to express HLA A2/4-1BB ligand [37], IO102-IO103 [38]), adoptive cell transfer (ACT) immunotherapy [35,39], and cytokine therapy (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF [35,40])). Here, CSF2 is linked to melanoma.