TXN and Stroke: Future research should examine whether combining Trx and TrxR and other oxidative stress biomarkers (for example, in machine learning models) could provide novel tool which reflect the severity of neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, or neuro-oxidative processes or may be employed as diagnostic or prognostic tools to help in the (differential) diagnosis of AD, PD, HD, stroke, and MS or their staging characteristics.