The aims of the current study are to review the role of the Trx system in the pathophysiology and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), age-related decline in memory functions, Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), brain stroke, and multiple sclerosis (MS) [17,18,19]. The gene discussed is TXN; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.