TNF and ulcerative colitis: In particular, it has been demonstrated that B. serrata therapy reduced oxidative stress, increased total antioxidant capacity, and decreased the expression of TNF, TGF-β, and IL-6 [66] as well as displayed significantly reduced lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase iNOS levels, and presented enhancements in tissue damage in animals with ulcerative colitis [8].