CREB1 and Anxiety: In addition, Pediococcus acidilactici CCFM6432 mitigated chronic stress-induced anxiety symptoms via modulation of gut–brain axis, which was associated with suppressing the pathogenic bacteria (such as Escherichia-shigella), improving beneficial bacteria growth (such as Bifidobacterium), inhibiting hyperactivity of HPA axis and upregulating the expression level of CREB in hippocampus [123].