As vitamin D3 stimulates some pro-survival pathways essential for neuroplasticity, including up-regulation of neurotrophin gene expression, it has been suggested that supplementation with vitamin D3 might be beneficial, not only in restoration of neurological functions after stroke, but also in alleviating the post-stroke psychiatric disorders, e.g., depression and anxiety, and improving the deteriorated cognitive functions [15,16]. The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is depressive disorder.