We assessed the DNA methylation patterns of the selected gene regions using the MethylTarget technique, and detected 323 CpG sites, of which only 6 (2 in IGF-2, 1 in KCNQ1, and 3 in MEST) were significantly different between the mild asthenospermia and normozoospermia groups (Table 3). Here, MEST is linked to Reduced sperm motility.