Compared to fibroblasts from normal tissues, the top upregulated genes in tumor-derived fibroblasts were CXCL8, CXCL2, CCL2, CXCL3 and CXCL1, and the top downregulated genes were IGFBP5, PTGDS, CCN5, CFD, and RAMP1 (Fig. 3d, Supplementary Data 2). Here, CCL2 is linked to neoplasm.