HMGCR and cancer: Moreover, myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs), including anti-transcriptional intermediary factor 1-gamma (TIF1-γ), anti-nuclear matrix protein-2 (NXP-2), anti-small ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme (SAE) and anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) autoantibodies, have been associated with an increased risk of cancer in IIM.