PVLs included 2 subtypes, PVL-C1-MGS5 and PVL-C2-MYH11, both of which exhibited a high expression of actin cytoskeleton gene ACTA2 and GTPase-activating protein RGS5 (Supplementary Fig. 6b). This evidence concerns the gene RGS5 and periventricular leukomalacia.