In our study, rats and cell lines were treated with different concentrations of OMPM to establish PF models in vivo and in vitro, and the molecular mechanism of TGF-β1/Smad3 and TGF-β1/p38 MAPK signaling pathways of the occurrence and development of PF induced by OMPM exposure was studied indepth using histopathology, molecular biology, and cell biology. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pemphigus foliaceus.