CASP9 and colonic neoplasm: For example, He et al., 2017 [97], evaluated the effect of CuE targeting human colon cancer cells (LNCaP), demonstrating cytotoxic action, suppression of cell viability, and activation of apoptosis via an increase in cofilin-1, AMP-activated protein kinase, p53, and expression of the caspase-9 protein; therefore, it is proposed that the mechanism of action of CuE is exerted through the signaling of cofilin-1, mTOR, AMPK, p53, and caspase-9.