TNF and asthma: Recently, Shang et al., 2019 [101], investigated the role of CuE in the inflammatory process of asthma due to its potential to inactivate the NF-κB pathway and, thus, counteract the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and INF-γ, for which the protective effect of CuE on the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B was measured by means of an in vitro assay, in which the inflammatory response in epithelial cells exposed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) simulated asthmatic conditions.