TIMP1 and cancer: These included the stem cell factor KITLG, often found to be upregulated in several types of cancers [35]; fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), whose upregulation is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma and unfavorable outcomes [36]; and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP1), which is typically upregulated in patients with PDAC [37].