These indices require the measurement of biochemical and anthropometrical parameters, including concentrations of triglycerides (TGs), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), HDL-c (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), LDL-c (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), insulin, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), gender, and the presence or absence of T2D or MetS, among others. The gene discussed is GPT; the disease is metabolic syndrome.