Nonetheless, this study calls attention to the importance of those up- or down-regulated proteins when obesity and periodontitis are present in combination during pregnancy, such as Submaxillary gland androgen-regulated protein 3B, Protein S100-A8, Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), Heat shock 70 kDa protein 2 and 6, Putative Heat shock 70 kDa protein 7, Heat shock 71 kDa protein, Haptoglobin, Plastin-1, Prolactin-inducible protein, and Alpha-defensins 1 and 3. Here, PIP is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.