Multiplex immunochemistry (MxIHC) confirmed that the majority of SMA-positive CAF in NSCLC and HNSCC express pATM (Fig. 1J–N and Supplementary Fig. S1F–S1I), indicating, overall, that myoCAF in vitro and in vivo display activated ATM signaling. This evidence concerns the gene ATM and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.