TNF and cancer: According to the analytical results by Network Analyzer in Cytoscape software, 23 key targets (Figure 2) were used to enrich 42 disease pathways (Figure 3), including cancer-related pathways, HIF-1 signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (p < 0.05), which supported its critical role in the mechanism related to cardiovascular disease (Holscher et al., 2012; Xin et al., 2018).