MTOR and Insulin resistance: A recent systematic review on effect of acupuncture on PCOS in animal models summarized that acupuncture could improve insulin resistance by upregulating the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)/PI3K/glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) pathway, or inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, or activating the adenosine 5’-monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in PCOS animals (23).