A specific mutation of the ganglioside-induced-differentiation-associated protein 1 (<i>GDAP1</i>) gene is associated with the axonal subtype of CMT (CMT2K) which is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, as well as the demyelinating subtype (CMT4A) which is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. This evidence concerns the gene GDAP1 and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.