TNF and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: A previous study showed that the acute phase of ADEM is mainly related to T helper cell (Th) 1-related cytokine abnormalities, such as significant increases in TNF, IFN-γ, IL1, IL6, and IL8 levels, and the remission period of ADEM is mainly related to Th2-related increases in IL4, IL10, and transforming growth factor-beta [20].