In this study, the serum TNF and IFN-γ levels in the MOG-IgG positive ADEM group in the acute phase were significantly lower than those in the MOG-IgG negative ADEM group, while no significant difference in the CSF cytokines was found between the two groups, suggesting that the changes in serum Th1-related cytokines were more pronounced in ADEM children without antibodies. This evidence concerns the gene MOG and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.