Memory T cells are required for long‐lasting antitumor responses when direct killing is not sufficient to fully eradicate all tumor cells.[19, 20, 21] PNVAC induced more effector memory CD8+ T cells (CD3+CD8+CD44+CD62L−) than the free peptides, particularly when combined with anti‐PD‐1 treatment (Figure 3h). This evidence concerns the gene SELL and neoplasm.