Clinical trials showed the efficacy ofusing another recombinant VSV strain, VSV-IFNβ-NIS, to image metastaticcolorectal and pancreatic cancers [95].VACV expressing the hNIS transgene successfully inhibited the growth of severalcancers in preclinical models, including pancreatic cancer, triple-negativebreast cancer, gastric cancer, and malignant pleural mesothelioma [96, 97,98]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNB1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.