For example, spermine can inhibit M1 polarization, but promoted M2 polarization via upregulation of autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) expression in a mouse model of acute liver injury [19]; spermine could decrease the proliferation of natural killer cells and T lymphocytes in some autoimmune diseases [18, 20]; more importantly, spermine has been reported to suppress the sensitivity of cervical carcinoma cells to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) lymphocytes [21]. Here, ATG5 is linked to autoimmune disease.