SEMA4D and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Treatment with PCDE significantly and dose-dependently reduced the hippocampal level (activity) of caspase-3 in T2D rats compared to diabetic control group (0.032 ± 0.0006 ng/mg protein for T2D + CD100; p < 0.05, 0.026 ± 0.0016 ng/mg protein for T2D + CD150; p < 0.01).