The first two reports elicited a statistically significant and independent association between a history of treatment with GH and the occurrence of secondary neoplasms, primarily due to higher-than-expected rates of meningioma, a tumor with a known association with cranial radiotherapy; neither report found a significant association between treatment with GH and death from cancer or primary tumor recurrence (21, 22). Here, GH1 is linked to meningioma.