INS and Alzheimer disease: Functional enrichment analysis of the genes in these overlapping RRHO-quadrants by Reactome database revealed that upregulation of “signaling by interleukins” and “extracellular matrix organization” and inhibition of “integration of energy metabolism”, “regulation of insulin secretion” and neuronal function-related pathways were common between “T1D and T2D” and “T2D and AD” (Figures 3A–3D).