For comparison, although the mean transcript per million (TPM) for CD45 in T1D, T2D and their controls ranged from 1 to 15.7, the mean TPM for the β-cell markers in control islet preparations were INS (Insulin), 25,568; FXYD2 (Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase gamma chain, 219; GCK(Glucokinase), 9; NKX2-2 (Homeobox protein Nkx-2.2), 12; SYT4 (Synaptotagmin 4), 52; NEUROD1 (Neurogenic Differentiation 1), 45; NKX6-1 (Homeobox protein Nkx-6.1), 24; and MAFB (MAF BZIP Transcription Factor B), 49. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.