For example, gastric cancer-derived extracellular succinate induces endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis by interacting with SUCNR-1 which transmits signals for angiogenesis via STAT3 and ERK1/2 resulting in upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [49] (Fig. 3). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is gastric cancer.