Based on the previous studies regarding the role of miR-27 in cancer and fibrosis, which share many similar pathologic aspects, and since this microRNA is implicated in the regulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway as a cardinal regulator of fibrosis, we sought to assess the expression of miR-27 in whole blood of the SSc patients to evaluate its usefulness in the early diagnosis of SSc patients. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.