As previously reported, Ifnb1 could be induced in vitro by a cGAS-STING agonist, yet in vivo it was more highly expressed in CD45+ cells than in tumor cells; by contrast, other IFNs, particularly Ifne, were not induced by these stimuli in vitro and showed preferential expression in tumor cells (Fig. 8h–j and Extended Data Fig. 8d). Here, STING1 is linked to neoplasm.