IFNG and malaria: Meanwhile, no difference in mean IFN-γ levels between patients with severe and those with uncomplicated malaria was identified in prospective cohort studies (MD 13.6 pg/mL, 95% CI − 22.7–49.91 pg/mL, I2: 92.1%, two studies with three study sites, 118 severe cases/554 uncomplicated cases, Fig. 3).