Mutations in SAMHD1 are associated with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome35, an inherited autoimmune encephalopathic disorder, and SAMHD1 is mutated or downregulated in a number of cancers36, including leukemias37–39, lymphomas40–42, colorectal cancer43, and lung cancer44, suggesting a role for SAMHD1 as a tumor suppressor. The gene discussed is SAMHD1; the disease is neoplasm.